How the US-Israel-Iran conflict is reshaping South Africa’s coal exports (opens original article in a new tab)

The US-Israel-Iran conflict is increasing demand for South Africa's coal exports due to energy market volatility, but researchers warn of significant environmental and social costs, including climate damage and health impacts on local communities.

• Global energy market volatility from the US-Israel-Iran conflict boosts South Africa's coal exports.
• Increased coal production and exports pose environmental and social costs, including greenhouse gas emissions and health impacts on nearby communities.
• South Africa's coal exports to Israel have risen significantly, drawing criticism from civil society groups.