Iran’s Energy Sector Faces Its Wartime Reality (opens original article in a new tab)

Iran's energy sector faced significant challenges during the US-Israeli conflict, revealing vulnerabilities due to infrastructure concentration and highlighting the need for diversification and resilience.

• Iran's energy infrastructure is highly concentrated, with key facilities like Kharg Island and Assaluyeh being critical but vulnerable.
• The conflict exposed risks from centralized systems, as disruptions to shared utilities affected 75% of petrochemical capacity.
• Operational resilience during the war relied on experienced personnel, but income pressures threaten future expertise retention.
• Diversification projects like the Goreh-Jask pipeline and Makran coastal development are seen as necessary to reduce concentration risks.